1. Opening Statement

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This document presents a constitutional argument against the congressional district system as currently used to elect Members of the United States House of Representatives.

It demonstrates that the district system is unconstitutional on its face - contradicting the plain text of Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution, the original intent of the Framers as expressed in the Federalist Papers, and the foundational principle that Representatives are chosen by the People of the several States as a whole.

 

It further proposes a replacement electoral system that satisfies the constitutional requirements the district system violates - one that is grounded in the same constitutional text, honors the principle of one person one vote, and provides complete and equal representation to every citizen.

 

The case that follows is built entirely from primary sources. The reader is invited to judge it on that basis.